Web scraping is a powerful tool for gathering data from websites, but many sites employ tactics to prevent automated scraping. While some allow for easy data extraction, others present significant challenges. Below are some common issues faced during web scraping:

1. Cookie Consent
   Many websites display cookie consent pop-ups, blocking access to content until the user accepts cookies. This makes it difficult for scrapers to access the data directly.
2. Dynamic Content Rendering
   Some websites use JavaScript to load content dynamically after the initial page load. This means the required data may not be present in the HTML source, posing a challenge for traditional scraping techniques.
3. Complex Pagination
   Websites use different pagination formats, such as numbered pages, “Load More” buttons, or infinite scrolling. Each format presents unique challenges when trying to scrape content across multiple pages.
4. CAPTCHA and Bot Detection
   Many websites use CAPTCHA systems or other bot detection methods to block non-human traffic. This adds an extra layer of difficulty for automated scraping tools.
5. Rate Limiting and IP Blocking
   Websites often impose rate limits to restrict the number of requests made in a given time period. If a scraper exceeds these limits, the site may throttle the connection or block the IP address.

Final Thoughts
Web scraping can be an invaluable method for data extraction, but it comes with various challenges like cookie consent, dynamic content, CAPTCHA systems, and pagination formats. Understanding these obstacles is key to developing effective solutions and ensuring your scraping efforts are efficient and ethical.